1 Samuel 14:40

Authorized King James Version

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Then said he unto all Israel, Be ye on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side. And the people said unto Saul, Do what seemeth good unto thee.

Original Language Analysis

וַיֹּֽאמְר֤וּ Then said H559
וַיֹּֽאמְר֤וּ Then said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 2 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 3 of 21
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל he unto all Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל he unto all Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 4 of 21
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אַתֶּם֙ H859
אַתֶּם֙
Strong's: H859
Word #: 5 of 21
thou and thee, or (plural) ye and you
תִּֽהְיוּ֙ H1961
תִּֽהְיוּ֙
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 6 of 21
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לְעֵ֣בֶר side H5676
לְעֵ֣בֶר side
Strong's: H5676
Word #: 7 of 21
properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the jordan; ususally meaning
אֶחָ֑ד Be ye on one H259
אֶחָ֑ד Be ye on one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 8 of 21
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
וַֽאֲנִי֙ H589
וַֽאֲנִי֙
Strong's: H589
Word #: 9 of 21
i
וְיֽוֹנָתָ֣ן and I and Jonathan H3129
וְיֽוֹנָתָ֣ן and I and Jonathan
Strong's: H3129
Word #: 10 of 21
jonathan, the name of ten israelites
בְּנִ֔י my son H1121
בְּנִ֔י my son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 11 of 21
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
נִֽהְיֶ֖ה H1961
נִֽהְיֶ֖ה
Strong's: H1961
Word #: 12 of 21
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
לְעֵ֣בֶר side H5676
לְעֵ֣בֶר side
Strong's: H5676
Word #: 13 of 21
properly, a region across; but used only adverbially (with or without a preposition) on the opposite side (especially of the jordan; ususally meaning
אֶחָ֑ד Be ye on one H259
אֶחָ֑ד Be ye on one
Strong's: H259
Word #: 14 of 21
properly, united, i.e., one; or (as an ordinal) first
וַיֹּֽאמְר֤וּ Then said H559
וַיֹּֽאמְר֤וּ Then said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 15 of 21
to say (used with great latitude)
הָעָם֙ And the people H5971
הָעָם֙ And the people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 16 of 21
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֶל H413
אֶל
Strong's: H413
Word #: 17 of 21
near, with or among; often in general, to
שָׁא֔וּל unto Saul H7586
שָׁא֔וּל unto Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 18 of 21
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
הַטּ֥וֹב good H2896
הַטּ֥וֹב good
Strong's: H2896
Word #: 19 of 21
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ what seemeth H5869
בְּעֵינֶ֖יךָ what seemeth
Strong's: H5869
Word #: 20 of 21
an eye (literally or figuratively); by analogy, a fountain (as the eye of the landscape)
עֲשֵֽׂה׃ Do H6213
עֲשֵֽׂה׃ Do
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 21 of 21
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

Analysis & Commentary

Then said he unto all Israel, Be ye on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side. And the people said unto Saul, Do what seemeth good unto thee.

Saul's division of the assembly - 'Be ye on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side' - places himself and Jonathan together, opposite Israel. This arrangement suggests Saul considers royal house more likely innocent than the general population. The people's response 'Do what seemeth good unto thee' reflects resignation rather than enthusiasm. They comply but do not affirm. The process moves toward tragedy with a sense of inevitability.

Historical Context

Lot-casting typically narrowed from larger to smaller groups. Saul's arrangement assumed the sin was more likely among commoners than in the royal family. This assumption proved wrong, intensifying the irony of the situation.

Questions for Reflection

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